Wednesday, December 13, 2023

大同城墙 Datong Ancient City Wall


大同城墙,位于中国山西省大同市平城区。大同城墙历史可追溯到北魏时期。现存的城墙建于明朝。1981年2月24日,公布为大同市第二批市级文物保护单位。2016年6月6日,列入第五批山西省文物保护单位。

大同城墙周长7270.7米,高约14米,城内面积2.63平方公里。城墙以外40米处,修有护城河,宽约10米。大同城墙南段原总长约为1872.7米;西段原总长约为1783米;北段原总长约为1843.6米,东段原总长约为1771.4米。

历史

明洪武五年(1372年),徐达在辽金元旧城基础上增筑大同城墙。原大同城设4门:东曰和阳门、南曰永泰门、西曰清远门、北曰武定门。清顺治六年(1649年),多尔衮率军攻打大同,九月而不下,后守将姜瓖部下杨振威叛变,清军才得以入城。多尔衮入城之后,下令屠城并将城墙削掉五尺。清顺治九年(1652年),大同府县皆复还故治。

1952年前后,大同城墙的北城门、东城门、西城门也被拆除,这几个门洞渐成为豁口,残存的瓮城、望楼等相继被拆除,城墙砖也几乎全被剥离,导致大同城墙成为土城墙。1981年,南城门拆除。

2008年,大同市政府实施名城修复与保护工程,大同城墙得以修复。


The Ancient City Wall was built in 1372, by Xu Da, the General of Ming Dynasty. He built the walls upon the ancient relics of the tamped city walls, which were built as a clay structure during the Southern and Northern dynasties (420-589). The walls’ layout kept changing gradually later in the following Tang, Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties till the Ming Dynasty.

During the Ming Dynasty, Datong was designated as one of the nine military towns along the Great Wall. Datong was also geographically important, situating on the mid-section of the Great Wall. Datong used to defend against the steppe nomads from the north, confront to the galloping Mongols and protect the whole nation.











 

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